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ABSTRACT Objective: Developing anti-cancer drugs from natural products is receiving increasing interest worldwide due to limitations and side effects of anti-cancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-proliferative or cytopathic potential of natural compounds derived from plant sources as alternatives of synthetic compounds on human embryonic kidney carcinoma (HEK) cell line. Methods: In this study, aqueous and methanolic extracts were obtained from various plants, viz, Thapsia garganica, Citrus sinesis, Citrus limon and Vinca rosea. Extracts were serially diluted into 96-well microtitre plates and were screened for anti-proliferative potential against the HEK cell line via the neutral red dye uptake assay. Results: The findings revealed that methanolic extracts of T. garganica leaf and V. rosea leaf were the most effective as anti-proliferative or cytotoxic against the HEK cell line, with IC50 at 32-fold dilution of the extract. Conclusion: The extracts of T. garganic and V, rosea have been used as anti-proliferative drugs but after trial in experimental animals for being not toxic.
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This paper reports two cases of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney in elderly women. Both cases underwent radical nephrectomy and were confirmed by pathology. The patients were followed up for 10 months and 18 months respectively, without recurrence or metastasis. The purpose of this study was to further understand the disease by describing its clinical data and imaging manifestations.
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This paper reports two cases of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney in elderly women.Both cases underwent radical nephrectomy and were confirmed by pathology.The patients were followed up for 10 months and 18 months respectively,without recurrence or metastasis.The purpose of this study was to further understand the disease by describing its clinical data and imaging manifestations.
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Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of using different blocking methods to renal artery in laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery.Methods A total of 118 cases admitted in the Affiliated Heji Hospital of Changzhi Medical College who reserved the nephron routine after laparoscopic surgery of renal tumor surgery were selected.According to different methods of renal artery block,the patients were divided into the whole block group (61 cases) and selective blocking group (57 cases).The clinical curative effects of the two groups were compared.Results The differences of age,sex,suffering from kidney area and excising were not statistically significant between the two groups(all P ＞ 0.05).The blocking time,operation time and intraoperative blood loss,drainage at postoperative 1 day in the whole block group were (22.58 ± 4.62) min,(138.75 ± 21.76) min,(108.47 ± 75.39) mL and (137.36 ±18.34) mL,respectively,which in the selective block group were (28.61 ± 4.59) min,(103.26 ± 18.64) min,(132.58 ± 68.43) mL and (163.15 ± 15.87) mL,respectively,the differences were significant between the two groups (t =5.356,-8.247,7.463,10.358,all P ＜ 0.01).The postoperative hospital stay [(8.36 ± 2.19) d vs.(7.78 ±2.35)d] had no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P ＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate between the two groups (all P ＞0.05).After operation,the creatinine and glomerular filtration rate in the whole block group were (106.38 ±32.76) μmol/L,(33.53 ± 6.14) ％ statistically,which in the selective block group were (95.26 ± 25.49) μmol/L,(38.27 ± 5.29)％ statistically,the differences were statistically significant between the two groups (t =-2.154,4.572,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Renal artery block has shorter operation time,larger haemorrhage amount,increased postoperative creatinine,reduced glomerular filtration rate,for a small single kidney surgery,using selective renal artery block as far as possible,it has less intraoperative bleeding,and postoperative effect is better.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of the patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus.Methods Fifty-six patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus were selected as our subjects,who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2002 to May 2014.There were 28 patients with stage Ⅰ tumor thrombus,l5with stage Ⅱtumor thrombus,9 with stage Ⅲ tumor thrombus and 4 with stage Ⅳtumor thrombus.All patients underwent renal tumor resection and embolectomy,and were follow-up.Results Of all the patients,46 were male and 10 were female with a mean age of 61.7(age ranging from 42 to 83).Twenty-four were presented on the left kidney and 32 were right.The clinical features were as follows:The tumor size was 2.5 to 14 cm in diameter(mean:6.2 cm),there were 21 cases with low back pain,18 cases with hematuria,lcases with abdominal.Pathological results showed that 39 with clear cell carcinoma,9 with papillary cell carcinoma,3 with chromophobe cell carcinoma,1 with low-differentiated cell carcinoma and 1 with undifferentiated cell carcinoma,3 with sarcomatoid differentiation.Forty-three patients were followed up,and the median follow up period was 20.4 months (2-90 months).The median survival time for the patients was 47 months and the 5 year overall survival was 45.2％.The survival time of the patients with early tumor thrombus(below hepaticvein) was (55.3 ± 4.9) month,significantly longer than that of the patients with advanced tumor thrombus (above hepaticvein) ((24.8 ± 5.3) months,P =0.047).Conclusion Patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus are characterized with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Surgical operations are effective therapies for the patients.Long term outcome of the early tumor thrombus patients is significantly better than that of the advanced tumor.
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Introducción: El carcinoma renal muticéntrico es decir aquellos carcinomas que cuentan con un tumor principal y uno o más secundarios, ocurre en el 10 por ciento de los casos. Su ocurrencia se asocian entre otro, a factores tales como el tamaño tumoral y el tipo histológico. El riesgo de multicentricidad permite evaluar la mejor opción de tratamiento quirúrgico oncológico. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia de multicentricidad en el carcinoma renal y factores morfológicos asociados. Material y método: Análisis de 165 nefrectomías radicales por tumor renal desde 1990 hasta el año 2005 por un protocolo preestablecido. Resultados: La multicentricidad se presentó en 18 casos (10,9 por ciento). El número promedio de tumores secundarios fue de 4,9 por caso, la concordancia con el grado nuclear de Furhman y el tipo histológico con el tumor principal fue de 100 por ciento y 66 por ciento respectivamente. 8 de los 18 casos (44 por ciento) correspondían a un estadio T1a de la OMS, de estos 5 eran carcinomas papilares. Del total de la muestra 6 de 6 (100 por ciento ) carcinomas papilares fueron multicéntricos y 12 de 148 (8,1por ciento) carcinomas de células claras fueron multicéntricos. Trece de 18 tumores principales median menos de 7 cm y el 93 por ciento de los tumores secundarios median menos de 2,5 cm. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de multicentricidad en el carcinoma renal fue cercana al 10 por ciento, casi la mitad de los casos se presentaron en el estadio T1a, de los cuales la mayoría correspondieron a Carcinomas papilares. El conocimiento del tipo histológico es importante a la hora de seleccionar el tipo de cirugía a practicar, en este caso por sobre el tamaño tumoral.
Introduction: Multicentric renal carcinoma (ie those that have a primary tumor and one or more secondary), occurs in 10 percent of cases. Its occurrence is associated to tumor size and histologic type. The multicentricity risk allows to assess the best surgical treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of multicentricity in renal cell carcinoma and his morphological factors.Material and methods: An analysis of 165 radical nephrectomies for renal tumors from 1990 until 2005 was conducted. Results: Multicentricity was found in 17 cases (10.9 percent). The average number of secondary tumors was 4.9; the correlation with histologic type and Furhman nuclear grade with the main tumor was 100 percent and 66 percent respectively. Eight cases (44 percent ) were stage T1a (5 were papillary carcinomas). 6 / 15 (40 percent) of papillary carcinomas were multicentric and 12/179 (6.7 percent) of clear cell carcinoma were multicentric tumors.13/18 of the primary tumor measured less than 7 cm and 93 percentof secondary tumors measured less than 2.5 cm. Conclusions: The frequency of multicentricity in renal cell carcinoma was 10 percent, most of the cases were in stage T1a, most of which were papillary carcinomas. Knowledge of the histologic type is more important than the tumor size for the selection of the best surgical approach.
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Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Neoplasm Staging , Nephrectomy , Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the efficiency of arterial perfusion chemotherapy combined with embolization for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney. Methods Arterial perfusion chemotherapy combined with embolization was performed through the renal artery in 21 cases of giant carcinoma of the kidney from April 1992 to April 2006. The chemotherapeutic agents contained carboplatin(300 mg), mitomycin(20 mg) and cyclophosphamide(800 mg). The embolization was conducted with anhydrous alcohol, sodium morrhuate, and lipiodol plus gelatin sponge. Results The arterial perfusion with embolization was successfully obtained in all 21 cases. Surgical resection was accomplished in 15 cases, 1 - 8 weeks after the embolization; revealing severely less or no blood supply to the tumor. Pathological findings showed marked necrosis of tumor cells with peripheral inflammatory infiltration, fibrous proliferation as well as capillary embolization. The survival rates at 1-, 2-, and 3-, year were 80%(12/15), 53.33%(8/15) and 40%(6/15) respectively. Conclusions Combination of perfusion chemotherapy and embolization through the renal artery for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney offers promising clinical effects.
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Objective To explore the efficacy of arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with embolization for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney.Methods Arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with embolization was performed through the renal artery in 32 cases of giant carcinoma of the kidney from April 1990 to April 2003.The chemotherapeutic agents were epirubicin(30~40 mg),mitomycin(20~30 mg),and 5-FU(500 mg).The embolization was conducted with anhydrous alcohol,sodium morrhuate,and lipiodol plus gelatin sponge.Results The arterial infusion and embolization was successfully administered in all the 32 cases.Surgical resection was accomplished in 8 cases 1~3 months after the embolization,and little or no blood supply to the tumor was seen during the surgery.Pathological findings revealed marked necrosis of tumor cells with inflammatory cell infiltration around and fibrous proliferation as well as capillary embolization.The total response rate(CR+PR) was 87.5%(28/32) and the tumor decreased in size in 90.6% of the cases(29/32).The survival rates at 6 months,1-,2-,and 3-year were 78.1%(25/32),68.8%(22/32),46.9%(15/32),and 31.2%(10/32),respectively.The mean survival time was 41.5 months,with the longest time of 84 months.Conclusions Combination of infusion chemotherapy and embolization through the renal artery for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney offers good clinical effects.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (b FGF) and its relationship with tumor microvasogenesis and biological behavior of human renal carcinoma. Gene expression of b FGF was assayed in 20 cases of renal carcinoma tissue using RNA dot blot hybridization. Meanwhile, the protein expression of b FGF and microvasular density (MVD) was assayed in 35 cases of renal carcinoma tissue with immunohistochemical assay. It was found that the expression of b FGF was significantly higher in renal cancer tissue than in normal renal tissue or normal tissue adjacent to the tumor, There was significant correlation between b FGF expression in cancer tissue and clinical stages as well as clinical grades.Similar results were also observed between MVD and b FGF expression in renal cancer tissue. It seemed that b FGF played an important role in angiogenesis in renal carcinoma. Taken together, the results suggest that MVD and the expression of b FGF in renal cancer tissue might be related to the prognosis of renal carcinoma patients.